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大学英语四级考试语法:—定语从句

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定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句。在英语四级考试中,定语从句常常出现在填空题或改错题中。以下是几个关于定语从句的要点:

1. 引导定语从句的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose等。区分它们的方法是:that只能用来引导非限制性定语从句,其余关系词都可以用来引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。

2. 关系词在从句中作主语时用who/that,作宾语时用whom/that,作定语时用which/that。例如:

- The student who/that borrowed my book has returned it.(主语)

- I saw the girl whom/that he was talking to.(宾语)

- That's the house which/that I lived in when I was a child.(定语)

3. 当先行词指代人时,可以使用关系代词who/whom/whose引导定语从句;当先行词指代物时,只能使用关系代词which/whose。例如:

- The man whose car was stolen reported the incident to the police.(先行词为人)

- I found the book which I lost last week.(先行词为物)

4. 非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开,而限制性定语从句与主句之间不用逗号隔开。

5. 当定语从句中的关系代词引导时,如果在从句中有表示所有关系的名词或代词时,要使用关系代词whom/which/whose等代替。例如:

- The person to whom I talked is a famous singer.(表示和人有关系)

- The film, the plot of which is very confusing, received mixed reviews.(表示和物有关系)

在考试中,需要灵活运用定语从句的结构和用法,正确选择适当的关系词和关系代词,确保从句与先行词之间的一致性和连贯性。

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